#NEXUS [File created by TreeBASE: 1/29/01 22:21:22] [Matrix accession#: M799] BEGIN DATA; DIMENSIONS NTAX=35 NCHAR=136; [!This data set was downloaded from TreeBASE, a prototype relational database of phylogenetic knowledge. TreeBASE has been supported by the NSF, Harvard University, and UC Davis. Please do not remove this acknowledgment from the Nexus file. TreeBASE © 1994-2001. Study reference: Pryer, K. M., H. Schneider, A. R. Smith, R. Cranfill, P. G. Wolf, J. S. Hunt, S. D. Sipes. 2001. Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants. Nature, 409: 618-622. Study accession number = S543 Matrix accession number = M799 ] FORMAT SYMBOLS = " 0 1 2 3 4 " MISSING = ? GAP = # INTERLEAVE ; CHARLABELS [1] 'Sporophyte_with_microphylls' [2] 'Sporophyte_with_megaphylls' [3] 'Leaf_ptyxis' [4] 'Fertile_and_sterile_leaf_differentiation' [5] 'Blade_dissection' [6] 'Dromy_at_base_of_blade' [7] 'Leaf_architecture' [8] 'Primary_blade_vein_form' [9] 'Vein_orders' [10] 'Vein_fusion' [11] 'Blade_scales' [12] 'Pulvini' [13] 'Pneumathodes' [14] 'Blade_or_leaf_articulation' [15] 'Adaxial_outline_of_petiole_and_rachis' [16] 'Sclerenchyma_fibers' [17] 'Epipetiolar_branches' [18] 'Petiole_stele_number' [19] 'Xylem_configuration_in_petiole' [20] 'Leaf_vascular_bundle' [21] 'Leaf_traces' [22] 'Intercalary_meristem' [23] 'Independent_branched_sporophyte_with_multiple_sporangia' [24] 'Position_of_protoxylem' [25] 'Shoot_symmetry' [26] 'Mature_shoot_stele_type' [27] 'Vascular_stele_cycles' [28] 'Vascular_cambium_in_shoot' [29] 'shoot_indumentum' [30] 'Shoot_indumentum_type' [31] 'Loxomataceae_type_hairs' [32] 'Stem_sclerenchyma' [33] 'Axillary_buds' [34] 'Short_shoots' [35] 'Shoot_with_extensive_system_of_lacunae' [36] 'Root' [37] 'Rhizomorphs' [38] 'Root_origin' [39] 'Root_branching' [40] 'Lateral_root_origin_in_endodermis' [41] 'Root_hairs' [42] 'Root_hair_structure' [43] 'Rhizodermis_cells' [44] 'Root_pith' [45] 'Number_of_protoxylem_poles_in_root' [46] 'Aerenchyma_in_root_cortex' [47] 'Inner_root_cortex' [48] 'Outer_root_cortex' [49] 'Cells_of_innermost_cell_layer_of_root_cortex' [50] 'Apical_meristem' [51] 'Endodermal_cells' [52] 'Xylem_and_phloem_differentiation' [53] 'Primary_xylem_bordered_pits' [54] 'Companion_cells' [55] 'Sieve_cells_with_refractive_spherules' [56] 'Guard_mother_cell_division' [57] 'Origin_of_cells_surrounding_guard_cells' [58] 'Mucilage_producing_hairs' [59] 'Sori' [60] 'Sorus_outline' [61] 'Sporangial_or_soral_position' [62] 'Soral_or_sporangial_maturation' [63] 'No._sporangia_per_sorus' [64] 'Sorus_with_paraphyses' [65] 'False_indusium' [66] 'True_indusium' [67] 'Attachment_of_true_indusia_relative_to_sorus' [68] 'Opening_of_true_indusia' [69] 'Synangium' [70] 'Receptacle' [71] 'Sporangial_shape' [72] 'Sporangial_wall_thickness' [73] 'Sporangia_stalk_length' [74] 'Sporangia_stalk_width' [75] 'Spore_output_per_sporangium' [76] 'Annulus' [77] 'Annulus_aspect' [78] 'Annulus_span' [79] 'Orientation_of_sporangial_dehiscence' [80] 'Mechanism_of_sporangial_dehiscence' [81] 'Sporogenesis' [82] 'Seeds' [83] 'Monoplastidic_meiosis' [84] 'Megaspore_tetrad' [85] 'Spore_laesura' [86] 'Acrolamella_or_floats' [87] 'Perine' [88] 'Perine_prominence' [89] 'Perine_surface' [90] 'exine_structure' [91] 'Exine_surface' [92] 'Pseudoendospore' [93] 'Paraexospore' [94] 'Spore_wall_development' [95] 'Tapetum_type' [96] 'Harmomegathic_character_of_spores_or_pollen' [97] 'Spores_chlorophyllous' [98] 'Spore_germination_pattern' [99] 'Gametophyte_form' [100] 'Gametophyte_with_clubshaped_hairs_of_Gleichenia_type' [101] 'Gametophyte_with_bristle_like_hairs' [102] 'Obligate_mycorrhizae_in_gametophytes' [103] 'Dependent_gametophyte' [104] 'Gametangia_distribution' [105] 'Paraphyses_between_gametangia' [106] 'Antheridium_position' [107] 'Number_of_antheridial_wall_cells' [108] 'Antheridial_operculum' [109] 'Apical_cell_in_antheridia' [110] 'Antheridial_stalk' [111] 'Spermatogenous_cell_arrangement' [112] 'Number_of_sperm_cells' [113] 'Pollen_tube' [114] 'Sperm_flagellae' [115] 'Basal_body_position' [116] 'Bicentriolar_centrosomes' [117] 'Centrioles' [118] 'Monoplastidic_sperm_cells' [119] 'Nascent_sperm_cells' [120] 'Nuclei_per_microgametophyte' [121] 'Archegonium_position' [122] 'No._archegonial_neck_tiers' [123] 'Neck_canal_cell' [124] 'Megagametophyte' [125] 'Product_of_fertilization' [126] 'First_divison_of_zygote' [127] 'Embyro_orientation' [128] 'Suspensor' [129] 'Foot' [130] 'Embryo_development' [131] 'Life_span' [132] 'One_photosynthetic_leaf_at_a_given_time' [133] 'Lignin' [134] 'Flavonoids' [135] 'Proanthocyanidins' [136] 'Chloroplast_inversion' ; STATELABELS 1 'absent' 'present', 2 'absent' 'present', 3 'erect' 'circinate' 'circinate_but_folded' 'conduplicate', 4 'monomorphic' 'hemidimorphic' 'dimorphic', 5 'simple' 'compound', 6 'catadromous' 'anadromous' 'isodromous', 7 'monopodial' 'sympodial' 'Gleichenia-type', 8 'solitary_or_unbranched' 'dichotomous_or_isotomous' 'non_dichotomous_or_anisotomous', 9 'one' 'two_or_more', 10 'nonanastomosing' 'anastomosing', 11 'absent' 'present', 12 'absent' 'present', 13 'absent' 'present_scattered' 'present_lines_patches', 14 'absent' 'present', 15 'convex_to_flattened' 'sulcate', 16 'absent' 'present', 17 'absent' 'present', 18 'monostele->polystele' 'monostele' 'distele->monostele' 'polystele' 'distele', 19 'C,_U,_V,_O,_*,_arc)' 'solid_*,_T,_*' 'X_(sometimes_becoming_V)' '3_arcs' 'polycyclic', 20 'amphicribal' 'collateral', 21 'mesarch' 'endarch', 22 'absent' 'present', 23 'absent' 'present', 24 'exarch' 'mesarch' 'endarch', 25 'radial' 'dorsiventral' 'both', 26 'eustele' 'protostele' 'ectophloic_siphonostele' 'solenostele' 'dictyostele', 27 'monocyclic' 'polycyclic', 28 'absent' 'present', 29 'absent' 'present', 30 'hairs' 'scales', 31 'absent' 'present', 32 'absent' 'present', 33 'absent' 'present', 34 'absent' 'present', 35 'absent' 'present', 36 'absent' 'present', 37 'absent' 'present', 38 'allorhizic' 'homorhizic', 39 'dichopodial' 'monopodial', 40 'absent' 'present', 41 'absent' 'present', 42 'non-septate' 'septate', 43 'undifferentiated' 'differentiated', 44 'absent' 'present', 45 '1-18' '1-6_(rarely_9)' '2.', 46 'absent' 'present' 'present_with_septae', 47 'parenchymatous' 'sclerenchymatous', 48 'parenchymatous' 'sclerenchymatous', 49 'not_differentiated' 'differentiated', 50 'single_apical_cell' 'complex', 51 'primary' 'secondary' 'tertiary', 52 'absent' 'present', 53 'scalariform' 'circular' 'conifer-type', 54 'absent' 'present', 55 'absent' 'present', 56 'diameristic' 'parameristic' 'anomomeristic', 57 'perigenous' 'mesogenous' 'mesoperigenous', 58 'absent' 'present', 59 'absent' 'present', 60 'roundish' 'elongate', 61 'abaxial' 'adaxial', 62 '±_simultaneous' 'gradate' 'mixed', 63 'few_(<12)' 'many', 64 'absent' 'present', 65 'absent' 'present', 66 'absent' 'present', 67 'lateral' 'basal' 'central', 68 'introrse' 'extrorse' 'suprasoral' 'circumsoral' 'none', 69 'none' 'wholly_or_partly_fused', 70 'none_or_flat' 'convex' 'columnar_to_elongate', 71 'reniform' 'globose_to_elongate', 72 'eusporangiate' 'leptosporangiate', 73 'sessile_to_short' 'long', 74 'more_than_6_cell_rows_wide' '4_to_6' '1_to_3', 75 '1000_or_more' '100-999' 'fewer_than_100', 76 'absent' 'present', 77 'apical' 'lateral' 'oblique_to_transverse' 'vertical_to_slightly_oblique', 78 'continuous_bow' 'interrupted_bow' 'restricted_patch', 79 'longitudinal' 'transverse', 80 'ectokinetic' 'endokinetic', 81 'homosporous' 'heterosporous', 82 'absent' 'present', 83 'present' 'absent', 84 'monolete' 'tetrahedral' 'linear', 85 'linear' 'triradiate' 'circular' 'sulcate', 86 'absent' 'present', 87 'absent' 'present', 88 'not_prominent' 'prominent,_not_cavate' 'prominent,_cavate', 89 '(nearly)_smooth' 'sculptured', 90 '2-layers_(blechnoid)' '3-layers' '5-layers', 91 '(nearly)_smooth' 'sculptured', 92 'absent' 'present', 93 'absent' 'present', 94 'centripetal' 'centrifugal', 95 'parietal' 'plasmodial', 96 'maximum_size_in_water' 'maximum_size_in_sucrose_concentrations', 97 'no' 'yes', 98 'equatorial' 'polar' 'amorphous', 99 'tuberous' 'filamentous' 'cordate-thalloid_to_elongate-thalloid' 'reduced', 100 'absent' 'present', 101 'absent' 'present', 102 'absent' 'present', 103 'no' 'to_megaspore,_endosporic' 'to_sporophyte', 104 'non-terminal' 'terminal', 105 'absent' 'present', 106 'embedded' 'exposed', 107 'more_than_5' '3-5', 108 'absent' 'lateral-circular' 'terminal-circular' 'triangular' 'pore', 109 'absent' 'present', 110 'absent' 'present', 111 'blocks' 'random' 'single', 112 'more_than_1000' '100-999' '16-64' '2-15', 113 'absent' 'suspended' 'penetrating', 114 'biflagellate' '3-20' '30-100' '1000-10000', 115 'side_by_side' 'anterior-posterior' 'continuous', 116 'absent' 'present', 117 'sperm_mother_cell' 'sperm_mother_cell_progenitor', 118 'absent' 'present', 119 'paired' 'not_paired', 120 '5_or_more' '4.' '3.', 121 'embedded' 'partially_exposed' 'fully_exposed', 122 'more_than_6' '1-5_(rarely)_6', 123 'multinucleate' 'binucleate', 124 'large,_completely_cellular' 'large,_apical_part_with_egg_free-nuclear' 'eight-nucleate', 125 'diploid_zygotes' 'diploid_zygote_plus_triploid_endosperm', 126 'horizontal' 'vertical' 'free-nuclear_phase', 127 'exoscopic' 'endoscopic' 'prone', 128 'absent' 'present', 129 'large,_tapering' 'large,_bulbous' 'small,_bulbous' 'absent', 130 'derived_from_single_uninucleate_cell' 'derived_from_several_free_nuclei', 131 'Gametophyte_dominant' 'co-dominant' 'Sporophyte_dominant', 132 'absent' 'present', 133 'absent' 'present', 134 'absent' 'present', 135 'absent' 'present', 136 'absent' 'present', ; MATRIX 'Austrobaileya' 01320?02110001010401111200011001100101100001000001211111100?10?0????10100000??0111123020021000?10230 'Anthoceros' 00???????????????????00?0???0??0?0?00????????????0?0???2000????00???00102000??0000011000??1000000?20 'Angiopteris' 0110100210111000034000110410110000010011010100000001(01)0120111000000??11100000??0000011010011101100220 'Tmesipteris' 01000??00?0000?0011??0112200100000000????????????001(01)012001010000???10100000??0000?00010011101100100 'Sphagnum' 00???????????????????00?0???0??0?0?00????????????0?0???2000????00???00102000??0000011010??1000000?20 'Selaginella' 10???????????????????01011000??1?001100?000111???0011002000?10?00???00000000??00100110(01)0001010000?30 'Salvinia' 01011?0211000000011000111100100000000????????????00100102010?110011202111220???010111111100101100130 'Pteridium' 0110100210002011130000111310100100010011000020100011001020110210110100111221311000111011100101100120 'Psilotum' 01010??00?0000?00????0102200100100000????????????001(01)012001010000???10100000??0000?00010011101100100 'Polytrichum' 00???????????????????00?0???0??0?0?00????????????0?0???2000????00???00102000??000001?010??1000000?10 'Plagiogyria' 01121?021000201101000011040010010001001100002001001100102111021000??00111121301000111011100101100120 'Pinus' 01020?000?0001010311111200011001110101100001000001112012000?10?0????00100000??0111123020021000010230 'Phanerosorus' 011010{01}1100000?1010000111310100100010011000010010011001020100000012200110121211000111010110101100220 'Osmunda' 01111002100000110100001102001001000100110000200100010012010?00?00???00110111120000111010011101101120 'Ophioglossum' 01010?02110000000301001202001000000100??1?01100000011012001?10?00???10100000??0000?11010011101100100 'Marsilea' 01111?0211000001010000111300100100010011000022100011001020100100011402111220???010111111100101100130 'Marchantia' 00???????????????????00?0???0??0?0?00????????????0?0?????00????00???00102000??0000011000??1000000?20 'Marattia' 0110100210111000034000110410110000010011010100000001(01)0120111001000??11100000??0000000010011101100220 'Lygodium' 011110021000000101100011110010010001001100(01)0201010110010200?00?01???00110111001000111010001101100120 'Isoetes' 10???????????????????01001010??0?001100?0000110001011002000?10?00???00000000??0010011010001010000?30 'Hymenophyllum' 0110110210000001011000111100100100010011000020100011001??0100110????021101112010001110100111011010(12)0 'Huperzia' 10???????????????????01001000??1?001000?001110???1011002000?10?00???00000000??0000?11010001000000200 'Haplomitrium' 00???????????????????00?0???0??0?0?00????????????0?0?????00????00???00102000??0000011000??1000000?00 'Gnetum' 01320?02110001010301111200011001110101100001000001111011200?10?0????10100000??001112?020021000010230 'Gleichenia' 011010221010000101000011110011010001001100001001001100102010000000??00110111201000111010010101100021 'Ginkgo' 01320??1100001010311001200011001110101100001000001112012000?10?0????00100000??01111230200210000?0230 'Equisetum_2' 010?0??00?0000?00110001122001001001100110011110100011011101??0000???00100000??0000?12010001101101200 'Equisetum_1' 010?0??00?0000?00110001122001001001100110011110100011011101??0000???00100000??0000?12010001101101200 'Dicksonia' 0110110210002001033000110400100100010011000020100011001(01)20100111111101111121301000111010001101100020 'Danaea' 0112100210111001034000111410110100010011010100000001(01)0120111001000??11100000??0000000010011101100220 'Cycas' 01221?02100000010300001200011001000101100001000001111012000?00?0????00100000??00111230200210000?0230 'Cyathea' 01101002101020110330001104(01)011010001001100002010001100102010011(01)0(01)1(13)0111012130100011101(01)(01)0(01)101100020 'Chloranthus' 01320?02110001010401111200011001100101100001000001211111100?10?0????10100000??0111123020021000?10230 'Botrychium' 01011102100000000301001(12)020(01)1000000100??1?0110000001(12)012001?10?00???00100000??0000?11010011101100100 'Blechnum' 011(02)11021010001103000011(01)400110100010011000020100011001020110210010000111221311000100012(01)00101100120 'Austrobaileya' 00200?1???232??1?0120??2121130201111 'Anthoceros' 0000010001000000010011000100100?0000 'Angiopteris' 0000000300110221?0100110001010101101 'Tmesipteris' 01000101001102?1?010111000001010110? 'Sphagnum' 0001010011000010011021000000100?0010 'Selaginella' 00110?1???110110011001100011102?1100 'Salvinia' 00100?1???12022110100110012020201101 'Pteridium' 00000112001202211010111001202020111? 'Psilotum' 01000101001102?1?0101110000010101101 'Polytrichum' 0001110011000010011021000000000?0000 'Plagiogyria' 00000101001202211010101001202020110? 'Pinus' 00200?1???232??1?01001?0021131201111 'Phanerosorus' 00000101001202211010101001202010110? 'Osmunda' 0000010300120221?0101010012020101101 'Ophioglossum' 0100000300110221?010101000001011110? 'Marsilea' 00100?1???12022110101110012020201101 'Marchantia' 0000010001000010010021000000100?0100 'Marattia' 0000000300110221?0100110001010101101 'Lygodium' 000001120012022110101110012020201101 'Isoetes' 00110?1???110110011001100011102?1100 'Hymenophyllum' 000001030012022110101010012020101101 'Huperzia' 0101(01)00000110010011000000011101?1100 'Haplomitrium' 0000010001000010010021000000100?0100 'Gnetum' 00200?1???232??1?01101?1021130201111 'Gleichenia' 00000101001202211010101001202010110? 'Ginkgo' 00200?1???231321?0100110021131201111 'Equisetum_2' 000001030011022100101110000020101101 'Equisetum_1' 000001030011022100101110000020101101 'Dicksonia' 000001010012022110101010012020201101 'Danaea' 0000000300110221?010011000101010110? 'Cycas' 00200?1???231321?0100110021131201111 'Cyathea' 100001010012022110101010012020201101 'Chloranthus' 00200?1???232??1?0120??2121130201111 'Botrychium' 0100000300110221?010101000(01)010111101 'Blechnum' 00000114001202211010111001202020111? ; END; BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS; CHARSET morph = 1 - 136 ; OPTIONS DEFTYPE = unord PolyTcount = MINSTEPS ; TYPESET * weighted = unord: 1 - 136 ; END; BEGIN TREEBASE; END; BEGIN TREES; [! 1 trees. TreeBASE accession#: Tree1706 ] TRANSLATE 1 'Hymenophyllum', 2 'Austrobaileya', 3 'Ophioglossum', 4 'Phanerosorus', 5 'Haplomitrium', 6 'Angiopteris', 7 'Equisetum_1', 8 'Equisetum_2', 9 'Plagiogyria', 10 'Selaginella', 11 'Tmesipteris', 12 'Polytrichum', 13 'Chloranthus', 14 'Botrychium', 15 'Gleichenia', 16 'Anthoceros', 17 'Marchantia', 18 'Dicksonia', 19 'Pteridium', 20 'Blechnum', 21 'Lygodium', 22 'Marattia', 23 'Marsilea', 24 'Psilotum', 25 'Salvinia', 26 'Huperzia', 27 'Sphagnum', 28 'Cyathea', 29 'Isoetes', 30 'Osmunda', 31 'Danaea', 32 'Ginkgo', 33 'Gnetum', 34 'Pinus', 35 'Cycas', ; TREE 'MP_tree' = [&R] ((((((((1,((((((18,28),9),(19,20)),(23,25)),21),(4,15))),30),(7,8)),(31,(6,22))),((24,11),(3,14))),(((35,(32,34)),(2,13)),33)),((29,10),26)),((17,5),(12,27)),16); END;